BATTLE // September 14, 1837
Battle of Andoain
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Source · Wikipedia
Significance
The Battle of Andoain, fought near the Basque village of the same name south of San Sebastián, was part of the ongoing Liberal effort to consolidate control in the Basque Country during the First Carlist War. Liberal forces under Leopoldo O'Donnell had seized Andoain on 9 September 1837, pushing the Carlist garrison across the Oria River. The subsequent Carlist counterattack, reinforced by troops from Navarre under José Ignacio de Uranga, tested Liberal forward positions in a strategically sensitive zone close to their principal stronghold at San Sebastián. Liberal casualties ranging between 100 and 750 against a numerically inferior Carlist force of roughly 3,000 suggest the counteroffensive was effective, reflecting the persistent Carlist capacity to contest Liberal advances in the northern theatre despite overall manpower disadvantages.
Tactics
Liberal forces under O'Donnell captured Andoain on 9 September, driving the Carlist garrison to the western bank of the Oria River. Over the following days both sides constructed breastworks and engaged in intermittent skirmishing. After two days of this trench warfare, Carlist forces opened heavy artillery fire on the Liberal lines and launched a general offensive, supported by reinforcements brought in from Navarre under Uranga.
Forces & casualties
Troop strength
- Carlists3,000medium
- Liberals7,000medium
Liberals fielded a 2.3 : 1 numerical advantage
Casualties
- Liberales100–750medium
Commanders (3)
Carlists
Liberals
Colonel O'ConnellMember of the New South Wales Legislative Council
Leopoldo O'Donnellgeneral
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