Operation True Promise III

Battle context

Operation True Promise III was Iran's retaliatory strike campaign launched on the evening of 13 June 2025 in response to Israel's Operation Rising Lion, which had struck Iranian nuclear sites, military installations, and residential areas. The Iranian operation employed ballistic missiles and drones directed at military sites, intelligence sites, and residential areas inside Israel, and recorded 3,238 Israeli casualties. The operation also carried a broader coercive dimension: Iran explicitly threatened to target American, British, and French military bases if those governments provided assistance to Israel. That threat materialized in part after the United States conducted Operation Midnight Hammer on 22 June, striking three Iranian nuclear facilities, which prompted Iran to attack U.S. bases in Iraq and Qatar under Operation Glad Tidings of Victory. Operation True Promise III thus marked the opening of direct Iranian offensive action against Israel within the Twelve-Day War and set the conditions for American military intervention and a wider regional escalation.