Operation True Promise III

Overview

This is a list of airstrikes and bombardments during the Twelve-Day War. The war began on 13 June 2025, when Israel attacked targets at more than a dozen locations across Iran. Under the codename Operation Rising Lion, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and Mossad attacked key nuclear sites, military installations, and residential areas, including targeted assassinations of military and civilian personnel, many of whom were killed in their homes or in meetings. Beginning on the evening of 13 June, Iran initiated retaliatory strikes against Israel, under the codename Operation True Promise III. The operation consisted of ballistic missiles and drones targeting military sites, intelligence sites, and residential areas. Iran also threatened to target American, British, and French military bases if they provided assistance to Israel. On 22 June, the United States conducted Operation Midnight Hammer, which involved airstrikes on three Iranian nuclear facilities. Iran responded by attacking U.S. bases in Iraq and Qatar as part of Operation Glad Tidings of Victory.

Overview adapted from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Significance

Operation True Promise III was Iran's retaliatory strike campaign launched on the evening of 13 June 2025 in response to Israel's Operation Rising Lion, which had struck Iranian nuclear sites, military installations, and residential areas. The Iranian operation employed ballistic missiles and drones directed at military sites, intelligence sites, and residential areas inside Israel, and recorded 3,238 Israeli casualties. The operation also carried a broader coercive dimension: Iran explicitly threatened to target American, British, and French military bases if those governments provided assistance to Israel. That threat materialized in part after the United States conducted Operation Midnight Hammer on 22 June, striking three Iranian nuclear facilities, which prompted Iran to attack U.S. bases in Iraq and Qatar under Operation Glad Tidings of Victory. Operation True Promise III thus marked the opening of direct Iranian offensive action against Israel within the Twelve-Day War and set the conditions for American military intervention and a wider regional escalation.

Forces & casualties