ORDER OF BATTLE // November 23, 1808
Battle of Tudela
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
2 sides catalogued · combined 80,000 estimated
France
35,000
Medium-confidence figure
Spain
45,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Battle of Tudela delivered a decisive French victory over the Army of the Centre under General Castaños, one of the principal Spanish field commanders of the Peninsular War. With 35,000 French troops under Marshal Lannes defeating a numerically larger Spanish force of 45,000 and inflicting some 6,000 casualties, the engagement effectively dismantled a major organized Spanish resistance in the Navarre region. The loss removed Castaños's army as a coherent fighting force at a critical juncture of the campaign, opening the interior of Spain to French operational movement and contributing to the broader French consolidation of the peninsula that unfolded in the closing weeks of 1808.
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