ORDER OF BATTLE // June 23, 1918
Battle of the Piave River
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
2 sides catalogued · combined 1,911,000 estimated
Italy
965,000
Medium-confidence figure
Austria-Hungary
946,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Second Battle of the Piave River, fought 15–23 June 1918, ended in a decisive Italian victory over Austria-Hungary and marked a turning point in the final phase of World War I on the Italian front. Despite the scale of the engagement — nearly one million troops on each side — its significance was not immediately recognized within Italy itself. The strategic consequences were nonetheless profound: Austria-Hungary suffered heavier casualties than Italy and failed to break through, a failure that fatally weakened the Central Powers' position. Erich Ludendorff reportedly said he 'had the sensation of defeat for the first time' upon hearing the outcome. The battle proved to be the beginning of the end for the Austro-Hungarian Empire, accelerating its military and political collapse in the months that followed.
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