ORDER OF BATTLE // September 26, 1385
Battle of Savra
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
2 sides catalogued · combined 41,000 estimated
Principality of Thopia
40,000
Medium-confidence figure
Principality of Zeta
1,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Battle of Savra, fought at the Savra field near Lushnjë, arose from an internal Balkan power struggle in which Karl Thopia invited Ottoman forces to intervene on his behalf against Balša II of Zeta. The engagement pitted a substantially larger Ottoman-aligned force under Karl Thopia and Halil Pasha against a much smaller Zetan contingent commanded by Balša II and Ivaniš Mrnjavčević. The battle illustrates a recurrent pattern in the Ottoman expansion into southeastern Europe: local rulers drawing Ottoman military power into dynastic and territorial feuds, thereby accelerating the extension of Ottoman influence across the region. By soliciting Ottoman support against a Christian rival, Karl Thopia contributed to the entrenchment of Ottoman military presence in the western Balkans during a period when the empire was consolidating its gains in Europe following its initial crossing into Thrace in 1354.
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