BATTLE // November 22, 1795

Battle of Loano

Name: Battle of Loano
Start: 1795-11-22
End: 1795-11-22
Location: Battle of Loano

LOADING MAP TELEMETRY…

Overview

The Battle of Loano saw the French Army of Italy led by General of Division (GD) Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer attack the Allied armies of Habsburg Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont led by Feldzeugmeister (FZM) Olivier, Count of Wallis during the War of the First Coalition. The assault took the Austrians by surprise since it occurred so late in the year. Additionally, the previous Austrian commander resigned the day before the attack. While the French left flank troops pinned down the Sardinian forces opposing them, the French center broke through the Allied center, forcing the Austrians to retreat. Meanwhile, the French right flank forces steadily pressed back the Austrians on the coast. The French gained a more favorable position, but Schérer did not exploit his victory. André Masséna distinguished himself during this battle and is credited with the French victory.

Overview adapted from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Significance

The Battle of Loano delivered the French Army of Italy a materially improved strategic position on the Ligurian front during the War of the First Coalition. Striking late in the campaigning season, Schérer's force caught the Austro-Sardinian command in disarray — the Austrian commander had resigned the day before the assault — and inflicted casualties roughly two to four times those suffered by French forces. The French center's breakthrough compelled a general Austrian retreat, while pressure on the coast pushed the enemy back along that axis as well. Despite these gains, Schérer did not pursue aggressively, limiting the operational exploitation of the victory. The battle nonetheless secured a more favorable line for the Army of Italy and elevated André Masséna's reputation, crediting him with the outcome and setting the conditions for the more decisive Italian campaign that followed under Napoleon Bonaparte in 1796.

Tactics

The French executed a three-part assault: the left flank fixed the Sardinian forces opposite them, preventing their intervention elsewhere; the center drove through the Allied center, breaking the main line and forcing an Austrian retreat; and the right flank maintained steady pressure against Austrian units along the coast. The timing of the attack — late in the year, when operations were not expected — achieved surprise and compounded the disorganization already caused by the abrupt change in Austrian command.