ORDER OF BATTLE // March 27, 1814
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
2 sides catalogued · combined 3,000 estimated
Red Sticks
1,000
Medium-confidence figure
United States
2,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, fought on March 27, 1814, in the Mississippi Territory (present-day central Alabama), effectively ended the Creek War. United States forces and Native American allies under Major General Andrew Jackson engaged the Red Sticks — the faction of the Creek nation opposed to American expansion — and defeated them decisively. The Red Sticks were outnumbered, with approximately 1,000 fighters facing a combined force of around 2,000 under Jackson. The battle broke organized Red Stick resistance, ending the Creek War and opening substantial territory in the Mississippi Territory to American settlement and expansion. The engagement cemented Jackson's military reputation and foreshadowed his later political ascent.
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