Battle of Carabobo

Battle context

The Battle of Carabobo, fought on 24 June 1821, was the decisive engagement of the Venezuelan War of Independence. Bolívar's forces, numbering between 6,500 and 8,000 troops, confronted a Spanish Royalist army of 4,000–5,000 under Field Marshal Miguel de la Torre, inflicting approximately 2,908 casualties on the Spanish side. The outcome broke Royalist military power in Venezuela and directly produced Venezuelan independence, completing a core political objective of the decade-long independence struggle. The victory also advanced the broader project of Gran Colombia, the republic whose establishment followed from Carabobo, consolidating the territorial and political framework Bolívar had pursued across the northern South American campaigns.