ORDER OF BATTLE // November 1, 0636
Siege of Jerusalem
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
1 sides catalogued · combined 20,000 estimated
Rashidun Caliphate
20,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Siege of Jerusalem was a major episode in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, bringing Rashidun Caliphate forces under commanders including Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, Khalid ibn al-Walid, and Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan against the Byzantine-held city defended by Sophronius. The presence of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab among the Rashidun commanders indicates the exceptional religious and political weight attached to the city's acquisition. With a recorded Rashidun force of 20,000, the siege represented a substantial commitment of military resources during the broader campaign to wrest the Levant from Byzantine control following the decisive Battle of Yarmouk in 636.
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