ORDER OF BATTLE // October 29, 1948
Operation Hiram
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
2 sides catalogued · combined 8,000–10,000 estimated
Israel
6,000
Medium-confidence figure
Arab Liberation Army
2,000–4,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
Operation Hiram was an Israeli military operation during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War aimed at securing the Upper Galilee region from the Arab Liberation Army under Fawzi al-Qawuqji and a Syrian battalion. Led by General Moshe Carmel, the operation committed approximately 6,000 Israeli troops against an ALA force estimated between 2,000 and 4,000. Lasting 60 hours, the operation concluded just before a ceasefire with neighboring Arab states took effect, giving Israel effective control of Upper Galilee before the pause in fighting could freeze territorial lines. The timing underscored a broader Israeli operational pattern in 1948 of consolidating territorial gains ahead of internationally imposed ceasefires.
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