ORDER OF BATTLE // October 28, 1812
Capture of Orizaba
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
1 sides catalogued · combined 10,000 estimated
Mexican Rebels
10,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Capture of Orizaba on 28 October 1812 resulted in a victory for the Mexican rebel forces under José María Morelos y Pavón over royalist forces commanded by General José Antonio Andrade. The engagement demonstrated the rebels' capacity to contest and seize significant population centers in the Veracruz region, extending insurgent reach beyond their earlier areas of operation. With a reported force of 10,000, Morelos and his subordinate Hermenegildo Galeana applied substantial pressure on royalist control in the area, adding Orizaba to the string of operations that characterized Morelos's active campaign period during 1812.
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