CASUALTY RECORD // November 2, 1914
Bergmann Offensive
Estimated casualties — killed, wounded, captured, and missing — by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Casualties by side
2 sides catalogued · combined 20,023 estimated
Ottoman Empire
14,023
Medium-confidence figure
Russian Empire
6,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Bergmann Offensive opened the Caucasus campaign of World War I, marking the first major engagement between Russian and Ottoman forces on this front following the Russian seizure of Bayazıt. General Georgy Bergmann, commanding the 1st Caucasus Army Corps, seized the initiative rather than waiting for Ottoman pressure, establishing an early Russian posture of offensive action in the theater. Despite a numerical disadvantage — Russian forces numbered approximately 75,000 against roughly 96,000 Ottoman troops — Russian casualties were substantially lower, with the Ottomans suffering over 14,000 against approximately 6,000 Russian losses. The offensive set the operational context for subsequent fighting in the Caucasus, a secondary but strategically significant front that tied down Ottoman forces that might otherwise have been directed elsewhere.
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