Battle of Sipe-Sipe

Battle context

The Battle of Sipe-Sipe (also known as Viluma) resulted in a decisive defeat of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata by the Royal Army of the Viceroyalty of Peru in Upper Peru. The United Provinces force of approximately 3,000 under José Rondeau suffered around 2,000 casualties against a Royalist force of 5,100 under Joaquín de la Pezuela. The battle ended Buenos Aires's hold over Upper Peru, which was reannexed by the Viceroyalty of Peru. This outcome effectively closed the northern front for the independence cause in the Río de la Plata theater, foreclosing the overland route through Upper Peru as a viable axis of operations for the patriot cause.