Battle of San Lorenzo de la Muga

Battle context

At San Lorenzo de la Muga on 13 August 1794, a Spanish–Portuguese force under the Conde de la Unión attacked French positions during the War of the Pyrenees but was repulsed by the local French defenders under Pierre Augereau and Dominique Pérignon. With Spain fielding roughly twice the French strength yet sustaining approximately 1,400 casualties in a failed assault, the engagement demonstrated the limits of numerical advantage against an entrenched defense. The battle's operational consequence extended beyond the day's fighting: the Spanish garrison holding Fort de Bellegarde surrendered a month later, consolidating French control in the sector and further weakening Spain's position along the Pyrenean front.