CASUALTY RECORD // January 1, 1945
Battle of Okinawa
Estimated casualties — killed, wounded, captured, and missing — by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Casualties by side
2 sides catalogued · combined 144,136 estimated
United States
50,000
Medium-confidence figure
Japan
94,136
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Battle of Okinawa, codenamed Operation Iceberg, was the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific Theater of World War II. Fought over 82 days from 1 April to 22 June 1945, the operation involved U.S. Army and Marine Corps forces against the Imperial Japanese Army in a grinding campaign that produced severe casualties on both sides — approximately 50,000 U.S. casualties against over 94,000 Japanese. The battle's strategic purpose was to secure Kadena Air Base as a staging point for Operation Downfall, the planned invasion of the Japanese home islands roughly 340 miles away. Control of Okinawa would have placed Allied air power within direct range of Kyushu, making it an essential prerequisite for the final phase of the Pacific War. The scale of losses sustained at Okinawa directly informed Allied assessments of the probable cost of invading the Japanese home islands, contributing to deliberations over the use of atomic weapons and the ultimate end of the war.
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