ORDER OF BATTLE // August 3, 1645
Battle of Nördlingen
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
2 sides catalogued · combined 33,000 estimated
France
17,000
Medium-confidence figure
Bavaria
16,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The second Battle of Nördlingen, fought on August 3, 1645, was an engagement between a Franco-German army under d'Enghien and Turenne and a Bavarian force under Franz von Mercy and Johann von Werth during the final phase of the Thirty Years' War. With roughly matched forces — 17,000 French against 16,000 Bavarians — the battle produced heavier French casualties (4,000 against 2,500), suggesting the fighting was costly for both sides. The engagement was part of the sustained French effort to pressure Bavaria and erode the military capacity of the remaining Imperial allies in the years before the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
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