Battle of Kütahya–Eskişehir

Battle context

The Battle of Kütahya–Eskişehir, fought between July 10 and July 24, 1921, saw the Greek Army of Asia Minor engage Turkish forces under İsmet Pasha along the Kara Hisâr-ı Sahib–Kütahya–Eskişehir defensive line. With Greek forces numbering approximately 110,000 against roughly 95,750 Ankara Government troops, the engagement was one of the larger conventional clashes of the Greco-Turkish War. The battle's outcome along this line carried direct operational weight for control of western Anatolia, a zone whose rail corridors and population centers were central to both the Greek advance and the Ankara Government's effort to consolidate its military position. The contest between commanders Papoulas and İsmet Pasha over this axis shaped the subsequent trajectory of the campaign in the interior.