ORDER OF BATTLE // July 15, 1789
Battle of Kaipiais
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
2 sides catalogued · combined 6,300 estimated
Sweden
2,300
Medium-confidence figure
Russian Empire
4,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Battle of Kaipiais, fought on July 15, 1789, resulted in a Swedish defeat against a Russian force nearly double its size. Commanded by Lars Fredrik von Kaulbars against Fedor Denisov's Russian contingent, the Swedish force of 2,300 was compelled to withdraw after sustaining 265 casualties. The engagement occurred during the broader Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790, a conflict in which Sweden sought to revise the territorial settlements imposed after earlier wars with Russia. The Swedish withdrawal at Kaipiais reflected the persistent pressure Russian forces were able to apply against outnumbered Swedish detachments during the land operations of that war.
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