ORDER OF BATTLE // August 15, 1192
Battle of Jaffa
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
2 sides catalogued · combined 9,000 estimated
Angevin Empire
2,000
Medium-confidence figure
Ayyubids
7,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Battle of Jaffa on 15 August 1192 was fought between Richard I of England commanding an Angevin force of approximately 2,000 and Saladin's Ayyubid army of around 7,000 during the final phase of the Third Crusade. The Ayyubid side sustained casualties recorded at 1,500, a significant loss given the disparity in force sizes. The engagement took place as both sides moved toward the negotiated conclusion of the Third Crusade, and the outcome at Jaffa was among the last major military confrontations before the war ended.
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