ORDER OF BATTLE // October 4, 1811
Battle of Cervera
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
2 sides catalogued · combined 9,000 estimated
First French Empire
1,000
Medium-confidence figure
Kingdom of Spain
8,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The structured record attributes this engagement to the Peninsular War in October 1811, with commanders MacDonald and Lacy and a near-total French casualty figure of 995 from a force of 1,000. However, the supplied overview describes an entirely different engagement — a medieval battle near Espinosa de Cervera between Christian counts and the Caliphate of Córdoba under Almanzor, recorded as the fifty-second victory of his career in the Dikr bilad al-Andalus. Because the source text does not correspond to the stated battle, no grounded significance for a Peninsular War engagement at Cervera in 1811 can be established from the supplied material.
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