ORDER OF BATTLE // -207 BCE
Battle of Baecula
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
2 sides catalogued · combined 70,000 estimated
Roman Republic
40,000
Medium-confidence figure
Carthage
30,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Battle of Baecula was a major engagement in Iberia during the Second Punic War, pitting Roman Republican and Iberian auxiliary forces under Scipio Africanus against the Carthaginian army of Hasdrubal Barca. Carthaginian casualties reached 20,000 against a defending force of 30,000, indicating a severe defeat for Hasdrubal's army. The engagement formed part of the broader Roman effort to contest Carthaginian control of Iberia, a theater that had strategic importance for the wider war. Scipio's larger force of 40,000 achieved a rout, demonstrating Roman operational capacity in the peninsula.
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