ORDER OF BATTLE // December 5, 1813
Battle of Araure
Estimated force strength by side, with confidence labels per surviving record.
Forces engaged
2 sides catalogued · combined 6,500–8,000 estimated
Patriots
3,000
Medium-confidence figure
Royalists
3,500–5,000
Medium-confidence figure
Battle context
The Battle of Araure was fought on 5 December 1813 during the Second Republic of Venezuela, a fragile patriot state established amid the broader Venezuelan War of Independence. Bolívar's force, though outnumbered by a Royalist army estimated at up to 5,000 against his 3,000, defeated General José Ceballos and inflicted approximately 1,000 casualties on the Royalist side. The victory represented a meaningful check on Royalist military pressure during a period when the Second Republic faced persistent threats to its survival.
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